1.Key Concepts:
Aesthetics: Philosophy of the Arts
-What constitutes a work of art?
-Systematic Study of art 5th century Athens [Plato] the true nature of the things we see in the world is their idea. Ideas are beyond the sense, only grasped by reason. The idea of beauty presents itself of reason through the senses. Manifestation of something beautiful is drawn by the person themselves. Plato did not write about art, act of treason against the idea, which is copying reality which is a copy of a copy. Mistrusted poets because they spoke of things they could not know about.
- Aristotle, POETICS. Plays have beginnings, middles ends. Can be too short or too long, can be bad or can be good. Basic elementary principles of how plays can be written. Analyzed tragedy. Inferred specific rules, the three unities, action- each action should be a consequence of what came before, time frame should not exceed 24 hours, and place should be the same location.
-Renissance- Neo-classic ethetics. Leone battista alberti- principle of formal order- proportion, symmetry, harmony, order.
-Foundations from aesthetics, 18th century England. Modern system of arts- individual arts are united though imitation of nature. Joseph Addison- mark the beginning Francis Hutchinson, beauty harmony order design first systematic study. External sense help ignite internal sense. Inner sense of beauty is innate and spontaneous.
-Kant coined aesthetics. Systematic theory of art and taste- Constrained neither by natural law or moral law, brought together in imagination. The judgment of the beautiful is not rule bound, it is subjective. Can be no hard and fast principles, no exact science of the beautiful. Through the genius, nature sets rules to art. Start to romanticism.
-George Hagel- Aesthetic dialectic: eastern/symbolic, classical, and romantic. Acts are spiritualized. Argued we do not need art. Completed process of aesthetics.
-Arthur Shopenhauer- World is a fabric of appearances woven by our intellect. Music was the highest of the fine arts. Embodiment of will.
-Expression theory- art is the expression of emotion.
-Language- Willingstein, The meaning of a word is what you give that word the meaning.
-More useful to analyze of rather than define it. Art is whatever we may call art. George Dicky, a work of art could be anything the art world designated as such.
CARTA: Neurobiology Neurology and Art and Aesthetics
-Changeux- Discovery of tools. Discovery of Symbolism. Discovery of artisic composition.
Genetic make up is directly connected with the evolution of art.
Processing of visual image- conscious OR non conscious reading.
Rules of art- Novelty, Universal search for harmony, Schematisaton.
-Ramachandran- Science of art?
-Eight laws of art: Grouping, Peak shift principal, contrast, insolating a single cus to optimally exite cortical visual ares, perceptual problem solving, abhorrence of unique vantage points and suspicious coincidence, art as a metaphor.
http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/15/health/art-brain-mind/index.html?hpt=hp_c3
- "We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realize
truth, at least the truth that is given us to understand. The artist
must know the manner whereby to convince others of the truthfulness of
his lies." PABLO PICASSO
- our minds know immediately if there's a clear representation of
familiar aspects of everyday life, such as people, animals, plants, food
or places
- concept of line drawings probably dates back to a human ancestor tracing
lines in the sand and realizing that they resembled an anima
-Our brains have a special affinity for faces and for finding
representations of them (some say they see the man in the moon, for
instance)
- two major processing streams for our visual system, which Livingstone
calls the "what" and "where" streams. The "what" allows us to see in
color and recognize faces and objects. The "where" is a faster and less
detail-oriented but helps us navigate our environment but is insensitive
to color.
-The human visual system is organized such that the center of gaze is
specialized for small, detailed things, and the peripheral vision has a
lower resolution
-It turns out that we don't really notice when shadows in paintings are
unrealistically placed, unless glaringly so, or when mirrors don't work
exactly the way they do in real life,
-And then there's what Ramachandran calls the "peak shift principle." The
basic idea is that animals attracted to a particular shape will be even
more attracted to an exaggerated version of that form.
-the distorted faces of famous artists such as Pablo Picasso and Gustav
Klimt may be hyperactivating our neurons and drawing us in, so to speak.
Impressionism, with its soft brushstrokes, is another form of
distortion of familiar human and natural forms.
2. I think that Kant's theory on aesthetics is the most important. Kant coined aesthetics. His theory is the systematic theory of art and taste. Art is constrained
neither by natural law or moral law, it is brought together by imagination.
The judgment of the beautiful is not rule bound, it is subjective. I think this is such a true statement. I could think one person is beautiful and someone else think that they are hideous. Beauty lies within the eye of the beholder. Kant felt that there can
be no hard and fast principles, no exact science of the beautiful. "Through the genius, nature sets rules to art" means that through our own brains, our own self, that is how rules are set.
3.
I think their view of art is interesting. I always thought of art as a creative form of expression and that was that. Now that art is more about our brains, I think it is less interesting (JUST KIDDING!). However, I do feel like art is taken too seriously at times, and this time is one of those. It is cool that we connect with art on a intellectual level that only genius scientists would really find super interesting. I always liked art because it was interesting. Everyone sees it differently, everyone has a different emotional attachment, and there are so many form of art that make it more interesting. Their concept of art was intriguing, but to me, it is not how I would ever view art and that is what I liked about it.The most interesting fact was that as the skull size grew, the evolution of art occurred.
4. I think that the videos and article just reinforce what is said in the reading. It helps us visually see what is being talked about and also for us to hear the different philosophies in comparison to determine which one we agree with. I think that the article connected the video of Ramachadran and how his laws of art connect to other scientists as well.
5. I think the Philosophy of Art film was great. It helped us see the evolution of philosophies of art and how art evolved like the text. However, the other video I feel we could have done without. It was really hard to understand when Changeux was speaking and his presentation was just confusing in general. That almost immediately lost my interest because I was so focused on what he was saying I was not actually listening and learning. I think the article is sufficient in explaining how the brain and art are so connected.